Appendix E: Per-Rāwī Quick Reference¶
This appendix is for students who already know the rules and need a fast lookup, not a lesson. Each rāwī card shows the values that matter — the distinguishing features, the famous signature readings, and the points most likely to trip up a student coming from Ḥafṣ. Rows that are identical to the standard default across all rāwīs are omitted to keep the signal-to-noise ratio high. All entries marked [U] are awaiting confirmation and should be checked with a qualified scholar before acting on them.
The cards below cover the Shāṭibiyyah's fourteen rāwīs (readings 1–7); the Durrah's three readers (8–10) have their own summary table at the end.
Comparison at a glance (the Shāṭibiyyah's 14 rāwīs)
| Rule | Qālūn | Warsh | al-Bazzī | Qunbul | al-Dūrī/Abū ʿAmr | al-Sūsī | Hishām | Ibn Dhakwān | Shuʿbah | Ḥafṣ | Khalaf | Khallād | Abū al-Ḥārith | al-Dūrī/Kisāʾī |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madd munfaṣil | 2 or 4 | 6 (ṭūl) | 2 (qaṣr) | 2 (qaṣr) | 2 or 4 | 2 (qaṣr) | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4 (fixed) | 4–5 | 6 (ṭūl) [U] | 6 (ṭūl) [U] | 4–5 [U] | 4–5 [U] |
| Madd muttaṣil | 4–5 | 6 (ṭūl) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 4–5 | 6 (ṭūl) [U] | 6 (ṭūl) [U] | 4–5 | 4–5 |
| Imālah | none | taqlīl — extensive [U] | none | none | taqlīl many [U] | taqlīl many [U] | none | جاء/شاء [U] | specific word-list [U] | مَجْرَاهَا only | kubrā — extensive [U] | kubrā — extensive [U] | kubrā — extensive [U] | kubrā — extensive [U] |
| Hamzah | tashīl of 2nd [U] | tashīl/ibdāl + naql [U] | tashīl/deletion | 3 options [U] | tashīl/ibdāl [U] | tashīl/ibdāl [U] | taḥqīq [U] | taḥqīq [U] | taḥqīq + ibdāl word-list | taḥqīq both | taḥqīq + ibdāl at waqf [U] | taḥqīq + ibdāl at waqf [U] | taḥqīq [U] | taḥqīq [U] |
| Basmalah | always basmalah | basmalah, sakt, or waṣl | always basmalah | always basmalah | 3 options | 3 options | 3 options | 3 options | always basmalah | always basmalah | sakt or waṣl | sakt or waṣl | always basmalah | always basmalah |
قَالُون — Qālūn · rumūz: ب¶
ʿĪsā ibn Mīnā al-Madanī (d. 220 AH) · rāwī of Nāfiʿ (al-Madīnah)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | basmalah or sakt (2 options) |
| Madd munfaṣil | 2 or 4 (qaṣr or tawassuṭ — dual option) |
| Madd muttaṣil | 4–5 |
| Hamzah / tashīl | tashīl of 2nd hamzah (same word) [U] |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَلِكِ (no alif) |
| Key farsh | بِيُوتٍ (kasrah on bāʾ everywhere — diverges from Warsh who reads ḍammah); هْوَ/هْيَ after وَ، فَ، لَ (sukūn on hāʾ); النَّبِيءُ with hamzah everywhere except Q33:53 [U] |
وَرْش — Warsh · rumūz: ج¶
ʿUthmān ibn Saʿīd al-Miṣrī (d. 197 AH) · rāwī of Nāfiʿ (al-Madīnah)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | basmalah, sakt, or waṣl (3 options) |
| Madd munfaṣil | 6 (ṭūl) |
| Madd muttaṣil | 6 (ṭūl) |
| Naql | yes — extensive in waṣl (e.g., مِنَ لَرْضِ for مِنَ الْأَرْضِ) |
| Hamzah / tashīl | sākin hamzah → ibdāl (yَامُرُ، مُومِنُونَ); 2nd hamzah (same word) → ibdāl [U] |
| Imālah | taqlīl (bayna bayna) — extensive (7 categories incl. alif before rāʾ-kasrah) [U]; one full kubrā: the هـ of طٰه |
| Rāʾ tarqīq | extensive tarqīq beyond standard — after kasrah, after sākin yāʾ [U] |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَٰلِكِ (with alif) |
| Key farsh | النَّبِيءُ with hamzah in all positions incl. Q33:53; ibdāl لِئَلَّا→لِيَلَّا + النَّسِيءُ→النَّسِيُّ (matn 224) |
البَزِّيّ — al-Bazzī · rumūz: هـ¶
Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad al-Bazzī al-Makkī (d. 250 AH) · rāwī of Ibn Kathīr (Makkah)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | always basmalah |
| Madd munfaṣil | 2 (qaṣr only) |
| Madd muttaṣil | 4 (tawassuṭ) |
| Mīm al-jamʿ | ṣilah before vowel (signature Ibn Kathīr feature) |
| Hāʾ al-kināyah | expanded ṣilah — after sukūn too |
| Hamzah / tashīl | 2 hamzahs same word: tashīl or deletion of first |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَلِكِ (no alif) |
| Naql | القُرْآن → القُرَان (Ibn Kathīr signature, everywhere) |
| Key farsh | tāʾ tashdīd in ~34 form-V/VI verbs in waṣl (e.g., تَّيَمَّمُوا، تَّفَرَّقُوا); idghām kabīr in specific cases; Q2:37 كَلِمَاتٌ/آدَمَ reversal (Ibn Kathīr) |
قُنْبُل — Qunbul · rumūz: ز¶
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Makkī (d. 291 AH) · rāwī of Ibn Kathīr (Makkah)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | always basmalah |
| Madd munfaṣil | 2 (qaṣr only) |
| Madd muttaṣil | 4 (tawassuṭ) |
| Mīm al-jamʿ | ṣilah before vowel (signature Ibn Kathīr feature) |
| Hāʾ al-kināyah | expanded ṣilah — after sukūn too |
| Hamzah / tashīl | 3 options for 2 hamzahs: tashīl, ibdāl, or ḥadhf of 2nd [U] |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَلِكِ (no alif) |
| Naql | القُرْآن → القُرَان (Ibn Kathīr signature, everywhere) |
| Key farsh | الصِّرَاطَ → السِّرَاطَ (sīn, everywhere); no idghām kabīr (unlike al-Bazzī); Q2:37 كَلِمَاتٌ/آدَمَ reversal (Ibn Kathīr) |
الدُّورِيّ — al-Dūrī (rāwī of Abū ʿAmr) · rumūz: ط¶
Ḥafṣ ibn ʿUmar al-Dūrī (d. 246 AH) · rāwī of Abū ʿAmr (al-Baṣrah)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | 3 options [U] |
| Madd munfaṣil | 2 or 4 (qaṣr or tawassuṭ, bi-khulf) |
| Madd muttaṣil | 4 |
| Iskān هو/هي | sukūn on hāʾ after وَ/فَ/لَ (وَهْوَ، فَهْوَ) |
| Hamzah / tashīl | tashīl/ibdāl (Abū ʿAmr style: drops 1st hamzah when both agree) [U] |
| Imālah | taqlīl on many words + few kubrā [U] |
| Fawātiḥ imālah | taqlīl on رَا، هَا، يَا، طَا، حَا [U] |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَلِكِ (no alif) |
| Key farsh | بُيُوتٍ (ḍammah on bāʾ, with Warsh/Ḥafṣ — not the majority kasrah); ikhtilās (quick vowel snatch) in يَأْمُرُكُمْ etc. (vs. al-Sūsī's full sukūn); idghām kabīr with khilāf |
السُّوسِيّ — al-Sūsī · rumūz: ي¶
Ṣāliḥ ibn Ziyād al-Sūsī (d. 261 AH) · rāwī of Abū ʿAmr (al-Baṣrah)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | 3 options [U] |
| Madd munfaṣil | 2 (qaṣr only) |
| Madd muttaṣil | 4 |
| Hāʾ al-kināyah | iskān in some words [U] |
| Iskān هو/هي | sukūn on hāʾ after وَ/فَ/لَ (وَهْوَ، فَهْوَ) |
| Hamzah / tashīl | tashīl/ibdāl (Abū ʿAmr style) [U] |
| Imālah | taqlīl on many words [U] |
| Fawātiḥ imālah | taqlīl [U] |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَلِكِ (no alif) |
| Key farsh | idghām kabīr — most extensive of all the ten readings’ transmitters (consistent across all eligible positions); full sukūn in يَأْمُرْكُمْ etc. (vs. al-Dūrī's ikhtilās) |
هِشَام — Hishām · rumūz: ل¶
Hishām ibn ʿAmmār al-Dimashqī (d. 245 AH) · rāwī of Ibn ʿĀmir (Dimashq)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | always basmalah |
| Madd munfaṣil | 4–5 |
| Madd muttaṣil | 4–5 |
| Hamzah / tashīl | taḥqīq in cross-word hamzahs [U]; specific same-word rules (madd al-faṣl) |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَلِكِ (no alif) |
| Key farsh | Q16:40 + Q36:82 فَيَكُونَ (naṣb, shared with Abū al-Ḥārith) [U]; خُطْوَاتِ with sukūn [U] |
ابْنُ ذَكْوَانَ — Ibn Dhakwān · rumūz: م¶
ʿAbdullāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Dhakwān al-Dimashqī (d. 242 AH) · rāwī of Ibn ʿĀmir (Dimashq)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | always basmalah |
| Madd munfaṣil | 4–5 |
| Madd muttaṣil | 4–5 |
| Imālah | جَاءَ / شَاءَ (kubrā) — matn line 319 |
| Hāʾ al-kināyah | iskān of يُؤَدِّهْ (Q3:75, both occurrences) — both Ibn ʿĀmir rāwīs [U] |
| Hamzah / tashīl | taḥqīq [U] |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَلِكِ (no alif) |
| Key farsh | (awaiting confirmation — see the farsh chapters) |
شُعْبَة — Shuʿbah · rumūz: ص¶
Abū Bakr Shuʿbah ibn ʿAyyāsh al-Kūfī (d. 193 AH) · rāwī of ʿĀṣim (al-Kūfah)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | always basmalah |
| Madd munfaṣil | 4 (fixed) |
| Madd muttaṣil | 4–5 |
| Hamzah / tashīl | taḥqīq; ibdāl specific word-list: كُفْوًا، هُزْوًا، جِبْرِيل، مِيكَال |
| Imālah | specific word-list [U]; NOT مَجْرَاهَا (reads مُجْرَاهَا with ḍammah instead) |
| Fawātiḥ imālah | imālah kubrā of all 5 letters: هَا، يَا، طَا، حَا، رَا [U] |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَٰلِكِ (with alif) |
| Key farsh | مُجْرَاهَا (ḍammah on mīm, no imālah — opposite of Ḥafṣ at Q11:41); hamzah → wāw in كُفُؤًا/هُزُؤًا everywhere |
حَفْص — Ḥafṣ · rumūz: ع¶
Ḥafṣ ibn Sulaymān al-Kūfī (d. 180 AH) · rāwī of ʿĀṣim (al-Kūfah)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | always basmalah |
| Madd munfaṣil | 4–5 |
| Madd muttaṣil | 4–5 |
| Imālah | مَجْرَاهَا (Q11:41) only |
| Hamzah / tashīl | taḥqīq both hamzahs |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَٰلِكِ (with alif) |
| Key farsh | 4 saktāt: عِوَجًا/قَيِّمًا (Q18:1), مَرْقَدِنَا/هَٰذَا (Q36:52), مَنْ/رَاقٍ (Q75:27), بَلْ/رَانَ (Q83:14); فِيهِ مُهَانًا (Q25:69) — unique ṣilah after sākin; يَتَّقْهِ (Q24:52, sukūn on qāf) + يَأْتِهْ Ṭāhā (Q20:75, iskān hāʾ) |
خَلَف — Khalaf · rumūz: ض¶
Khalaf ibn Hishām al-Bazzār al-Kūfī (d. 229 AH) · rāwī of Ḥamzah (al-Kūfah)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | sakt or waṣl (no basmalah) |
| Madd munfaṣil | 6 (ṭūl) [U] |
| Madd muttaṣil | 6 (ṭūl) [U] |
| Naql | yes — at waqf only [U] |
| Hamzah / tashīl | taḥqīq; ibdāl at waqf extensively [U] |
| Imālah | extensive kubrā [U] |
| Fawātiḥ imālah | imālah kubrā all 5 letters [U] |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَلِكِ (no alif) |
| Idghām و/ي | nūn/tanwīn → و، ي without ghunnah (Khalaf only; Khallād keeps ghunnah) — matn line 287 |
| Key farsh | الصِّرَاطَ with ishmām of zāy — in every occurrence (Khalaf); Q1:6 يَخَافَا → يُخَافَا passive [U]; Q20:13 اخْتَرْنَاكَ (Khalaf alone) [U] |
خَلَّاد — Khallād · rumūz: ق¶
Khallād ibn Khālid al-Kūfī (d. 220 AH) · rāwī of Ḥamzah (al-Kūfah)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | sakt or waṣl (no basmalah) |
| Madd munfaṣil | 6 (ṭūl) [U] |
| Madd muttaṣil | 6 (ṭūl) [U] |
| Naql | yes — at waqf only [U] |
| Hamzah / tashīl | taḥqīq; ibdāl at waqf extensively [U] |
| Imālah | extensive kubrā [U] |
| Fawātiḥ imālah | imālah kubrā all 5 letters [U] |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَلِكِ (no alif) |
| Key farsh | الصِّرَاطَ with ishmām of zāy — first occurrence only (al-Fātiḥah); all other occurrences: pure ṣād (unlike Khalaf) [U] |
أَبُو الحَارِث — Abū al-Ḥārith · rumūz: س¶
al-Layth ibn Khālid al-Baghdādī (d. 240 AH) · rāwī of al-Kisāʾī (al-Kūfah)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | sakt or waṣl (no basmalah) |
| Madd munfaṣil | 4–5 [U] |
| Madd muttaṣil | 4–5 |
| Hāʾ al-kināyah | هْوَ/هْيَ after وَ، فَ، لَ — sukūn on hāʾ (shared with Qālūn) |
| Hamzah / tashīl | taḥqīq [U] |
| Imālah | extensive kubrā [U] |
| Fawātiḥ imālah | imālah kubrā all 5 letters [U] |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَٰلِكِ (with alif) — al-Kisāʾī reads مَالِكِ, like ʿĀṣim |
| Key farsh | يَحْسِبُ (kasrah on sīn, with al-Kisāʾī); هْوَ/هْيَ (iskān); Q4:24–25 مُحْصِنَاتٍ (kasrah, active) except first [U]; Q4:32 وَسَلُوا (naql) [U] |
الدُّورِيّ — al-Dūrī (rāwī of al-Kisāʾī) · rumūz: ت¶
Ḥafṣ ibn ʿUmar al-Dūrī (d. 246 AH) · rāwī of al-Kisāʾī (al-Kūfah)
| Rule | Value |
|---|---|
| Basmalah | sakt or waṣl (no basmalah) |
| Madd munfaṣil | 4–5 [U] |
| Madd muttaṣil | 4–5 |
| Hamzah / tashīl | taḥqīq [U] |
| Imālah | extensive kubrā [U] |
| Fawātiḥ imālah | imālah kubrā all 5 letters [U] |
| Fātiḥah مَٰلِكِ | مَٰلِكِ (with alif) — al-Kisāʾī reads مَالِكِ, like ʿĀṣim |
| Key farsh | يَحْسِبُ (kasrah on sīn, with al-Kisāʾī); does NOT have iskān of هُوَ/هِيَ (unlike Abū al-Ḥārith); same person as al-Dūrī of Abū ʿAmr — completely separate transmission [U] |
The Durrah's Three Readers (8–10)¶
Readers 8–10 come from al-Durrah al-Muḍiyyah and are decoded against the printed commentary al-Īḍāḥ (al-Qāḍī). Each is built by exception on a reader of the seven — Abū Jaʿfar on Nāfiʿ, Yaʿqūb on Abū ʿAmr, Khalaf al-ʿĀshir on his own riwāyah from Ḥamzah. Full rules are in their chapters (8, 9, 10); the Durrah's own cipher is in its rumūz appendix.
Comparison at a glance (the Durrah's 6 rāwīs)
| Rule | Ibn Wardān | Ibn Jammāz | Ruways | Rawḥ | Isḥāq | Idrīs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (imām) | Abū Jaʿfar | Abū Jaʿfar | Yaʿqūb | Yaʿqūb | Khalaf 10 | Khalaf 10 |
| Basmalah between sūrahs | always | always | basmalah / sakt / waṣl | basmalah / sakt / waṣl | waṣl only | waṣl only |
| Madd muttaṣil | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Madd munfaṣil | 2 (qaṣr) | 2 (qaṣr) | 2 (qaṣr) | 2 (qaṣr) | 4 (tawassuṭ) | 4 (tawassuṭ) |
| Imālah | none | none | limited (his list) | limited (his list) | extensive kubrā | extensive kubrā |
| Two hamzahs in a word | tashīl + idkhāl | tashīl + idkhāl | tashīl, no idkhāl | taḥqīq | taḥqīq | taḥqīq |
| Single hamzah | wide ibdāl | wide ibdāl | taḥqīq | taḥqīq | taḥqīq (exc. الذِّئْب) | taḥqīq (exc. الذِّئْب) |
| Hāʾ ḍamīr after sākin yāʾ (عَلَيْهِمْ) | kasr | kasr | ḍamm (عَلَيْهُمْ) | ḍamm (عَلَيْهُمْ) | kasr | kasr |
| Mīm al-jamʿ | ṣilah before any voweled letter | ṣilah before any voweled letter | itbāʿ before a sākin | itbāʿ before a sākin | no ṣilah | no ṣilah |
| Fātiḥah | مَلِكِ · pure ṣād | مَلِكِ · pure ṣād | مَالِكِ · sīn (السِّرَاط) | مَالِكِ · pure ṣād | مَالِكِ · pure ṣād | مَالِكِ · pure ṣād |
Signatures. Abū Jaʿfar — sakt on every spelled-out fawātiḥ letter; the softest hamzah system of the ten; pure idghām (no ishmām) in لَا تَأْمَنَّا; يَخْصِّمُونَ with sākin khāʾ. The two rāwīs differ mainly in hāʾ al-kināyah (e.g. أَرْجِهِ: Ibn Wardān like Qālūn, Ibn Jammāz like Warsh) and يَا حَسْرَتَايَ / لَنَحْرُقَنَّهُ.
Yaʿqūb — hāʾ al-sakt at pause (كِتَابِيَهْ, مَالِيَهْ); no pause at Ḥafṣ's four sakt places; ḍamm of the plural pronoun after a sākin yāʾ. Ruways adds the ishmām of the قِيلَ class and of every sākin ṣād before dāl (أَصْدَق), the sīn in الصِّرَاط, and naql in مِنِ اسْتَبْرَقٍ; Rawḥ gives full taḥqīq to two meeting hamzahs.
Khalaf al-ʿĀshir — abandons Ḥamzah's sakt and his waqf-hamzah changes (full taḥqīq at the stop), and reads the nūn/tanwīn into wāw/yāʾ with ghunnah; keeps Ḥamzah's extensive imālah. Isḥāq and Idrīs agree throughout the Durrah.